The
primates
Primates are a diverse order of mammals. They are divided into the strepsirrhines, which include the lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, and the haplorhines, which include the tarsiers and the simians (monkeys and apes, the latter including huma ...
of
Colombia
Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...
include 41 extant species in 13 genera and five families.
Lagerstätte
A Lagerstätte (, from ''Lager'' 'storage, lair' '' Stätte'' 'place'; plural ''Lagerstätten'') is a sedimentary deposit that exhibits extraordinary fossils with exceptional preservation—sometimes including preserved soft tissues. These for ...
of the Honda Group
is a Japanese public multinational conglomerate manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles, and power equipment, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, reaching a product ...
, mostly from the so-called "Monkey Unit", "Monkey Beds" or "Monkey Locality",[Monkey Locality]
in the Paleobiology Database
The Paleobiology Database is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals, plants, and microorganisms.
History
The Paleobiology Database (PBDB) originated in the NCEAS-funded Phanerozoic Marine Pale ...
the richest site for fossil primates in South America.[Rosenberger & Hartwig, 2001, p.3] As of 2013, of the 30 fossil primate species found in South America dating to the Late Oligocene (26 Ma) to the Pleistocene
The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological Epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was fina ...
, twelve are described from the Honda Group. The genera '' Branisella'', ''Caipora
Caipora is an entity of the Tupi- Guarani mythology in Brazil. The word "Caipora" comes from tupi and means "inhabitant of the forest".
It is represented as a dark-skinned, small Native American, naked with a very long red mane, smoking a cigar ...
'', '' Carlocebus'', '' Chilecebus'', '' Dolichocebus'', '' Homunculus'', '' Killikaike'', '' Mazzonicebus'', '' Proteropithecia'', ''Protopithecus
''Protopithecus'' is an extinct genus of large New World monkey that lived during the Pleistocene. Fossils have been found in the Toca da Boa Vista cave of Brazil, as well as other locales in the country. Fossils of another large, but less robu ...
'', '' Soriacebus'', '' Szalatavus'' and ''Tremacebus
''Tremacebus'' is an extinct genus of New World monkeys from the Early Miocene (Colhuehuapian in the SALMA classification). The type species is ''T. harringtoni''.
Description
''Tremacebus'' was about in length, and would have resembled a m ...
'' have been discovered in Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
, Bolivia
, image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg
, flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center
, flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...
, Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
, Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
, Ecuador
Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ''Eku ...
and Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, other_symbol = Great Seal of the State
, other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal
, national_motto = "Fi ...
and are not known from Colombia. Additionally, ''Antillothrix
The Hispaniola monkey (''Antillothrix bernensis'') is an extinct primate that was endemic on the island of Hispaniola, in the present-day Dominican Republic. The species is thought to have gone extinct around the 16th century. The exact timing a ...
'', ''Insulacebus
''Insulacebus'' is an extinct monotypic genus of New World monkey found on the island of Hispaniola from Late Quaternary deposits. Fossils of the type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species nam ...
'' (both Hispaniola
Hispaniola (, also ; es, La Española; Latin and french: Hispaniola; ht, Ispayola; tnq, Ayiti or Quisqueya) is an island in the Caribbean that is part of the Greater Antilles. Hispaniola is the most populous island in the West Indies, and th ...
), ''Paralouatta
''Paralouatta'' is a platyrrhine genus that currently contains two extinct species of small primates that lived on the island of Cuba.
Description
''Paralouatta varonai'' was described from a nearly complete cranium from the late Quaternary ...
'' (Cuba
Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
) and ''Xenothrix
The Jamaican monkey (''Xenothrix mcgregori'') is an extinct species of New World monkey that was endemic to Jamaica. It was first uncovered at Long Mile Cave by Harold Anthony in 1920.
Discovery
Harold Anthony is responsible for many species d ...
'' (Jamaica
Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...
) were restricted to the Caribbean.[Tejedor, 2013, pp.34–35] The discovery of '' Perupithecus'', described in 2015 from the Late Eocene (35-36 Ma) Santa Rosa fauna in the Yahuarango Formation of the Peruvian Amazon, pushes back the evolutionary lineage of New World primates.[Bond et al., 2015, p.540]
Extant primates
Fossil primates
See also
* List of Central American monkey species
At least seven monkey species are native to Central America. An eighth species, the Coiba Island howler (''Alouatta coibensis'') is often recognized, but some authorities treat it as a subspecies of the mantled howler, (''A. palliata''). A nint ...
* List of mammals of Colombia
This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Colombia. Of the mammals in Colombia, four are critically endangered, eight are endangered, twenty-seven are vulnerable, and six are near threatened. One of the species listed for Colombia is conside ...
* Biodiversity of Colombia
The biodiversity of Colombia is the variety of indigenous organisms in the country with the second-highest biodiversity in the world, behind Brazil. As of 2021, around 63,000 species are registered in Colombia, of which 14% are endemic. The coun ...
* Fauna of Colombia
References
Bibliography
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
{{Paleontology in Colombia
Primates
Primates are a diverse order of mammals. They are divided into the strepsirrhines, which include the lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, and the haplorhines, which include the tarsiers and the simians (monkeys and apes, the latter including huma ...
*P
Colombia
Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...